Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries in Footballers in the Gulf

Football is a sport which is popular in the UAE, Oman, Saudi Arabia and Bahrain. Every town in the Gulf has a large stadium and the game is played in the streets and village playgrounds.

The game of football extracts a heavy toll of ligament and cartilage injuries of the knee joint. These are the commonest ligament injuries and the anterior cruciate ligament has been considered as the most valuable piece of connective tissue in the human body as professional football clubs hand over contracts to footballers worth several millions of Euros and dollars and withdraw them immediately if the player is injured. The MOH hospitals in Oman, Bahrain, and Saudi Arabia treat a large number of knee injuries. There have been a larger number of new concepts in the treatment of this injury.

ACL Injury(anterior cruciate ligament injury)Anatomical background-

The ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) is one of four ligaments stabilising the knee joint. Ligaments are cord like tissues, which connect one bone to another. In the knee joint there are four ligaments, namely the medial collateral (inner), lateral collateral (outer), the anterior cruciate and the posterior cruciate. The anterior cruciate ligament runs from the back of the thigh-bone to the front of the inner side of the shin or leg bone. It prevents the leg bone from sliding off in front from the thigh bone. The ACL injury can be a partial sprain or a complete tear

Mechanism of injury-

The most common mechanism is a sports injury where there is a cutting or twisting injury to the knee.

Activities for risk

Injuries in sports like football when the player tries to tackle from the back, his knee twists and he falls to the ground. Involvements in other sports like basketball, cricket, skiing and hockey can also result in ACL injury. A blow to the knee from the front. Patients with cruciate ligament injuries are prone to develop tears of the menisci(semilunar cartilages) and this can lead to secondary osteoarthritis

Symptoms

The person falls to the ground and is unable to continue the sport or activity which he was pursuing. He can feel or hear a popping sound in the knee joint. A swelling develops rapidly. There is a feeling of instability in the knee joint. Pain in the knee immediately, which worsens with the onset of swelling. Repeated giving away of the knee can occur as the patient runs around curves or while coming downstairs

What is the future for a patient with an ACL injury?

Complete ACL injuries result in instability of the knee joint. Whenever the person runs or comes downstairs rapidly the tibia slides off the femur. This can lead to repeated falls. These can result in injuries to the semilunar cartilages or menisci. Meniscal tears can lead to mechanical symptoms like locking or unexpected falls.

A combination of persistent ligamentous laxity and meniscal tears can result in the development of secondary osteo-arthritis.

Treatment- RICE

(Rest, ice, compression, elevation). An ACL injury is a serious one which needs medical attention immediately. The surgeon may aspirate the blood inside the joint to provide comfort. He may order a MRI scan to confirm the diagnosis immediately. An ACL injury can be treated conservatively in those individuals who are willing to restrict their sporting activity. For those unwilling to do so, surgical treatment is advisable. Surgical treatment consists of an examination under anesthesia, arthroscopy and ACL reconstruction. The orthopedic surgeon may decide to take a graft from the patellar tendon or hamstrings. Bony tunnels are drilled through the tibia and femur and the graft is fixed.

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Soccer Team Positions and Strategies With 3-5-2 Set Up

3-5-2,
Defense;
3, defenders,

These three are very confident that they can handle a lone striker or two forwards. They are also reliant on a good defensive midfield.

On the attack these players will play wide positions. On the defense these players will be more compact and allow the outside midfields to aid in the wider positions.

At times the inside mid-fielders will "show" for the ball. This creates an additional attack from the centre of the pitch as the mid-fielders become out let players. They are trying to convert the play by maintaining possession.

5, midfielders,

Two outside/wing players who dominate the sides of the field. They also act as attackers creating many scoring opportunities for their teams.

These are hard working players and a usually super-fit. However sometimes after a few runs on the side these can switch with inside players for a rest.

If this is possible, the team can keep their opponents confused and always looking for changing plays and positions.

This type of positonal play can not be defended by a man on man team defense. This requires a good zone defense and a constantly communicative team.

The 2 inside players are usually defensive in their roles but will become part of the attack when their team has possession. They will generally use the central midfielder to create plays and control the tempo of the game.

The single central midfielder is usually the one who makes the play and communicartes to the team the attacking possibilities.

This individual can also be considered the captal of the team.

Forwards;

These are the main ggoooooooooooalll scoring machines. The ones who react to the ball quickly and are able to shoot from any place on the field. These individuals are also trying to create space for each other and many more scoring opportunities.

To be effective they should work closely together as a team and pair. To this extent they are sometimes called "twin strikers".

They are also responsible for creating space by making the defenders mark them.

They make the defense leave their zonal resposibilities whereby taking them "out of the game".

The strikers also make the defenders tired because of the level of concentration that the defenders have to deal with.

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